Phaseolus species
Family: Leguminosae

Generally, the varieties derive from about three species, but autumn into two groups - green beans, including scarlet runner and snap or French beans, which are produced for the fresh market, and dry types, including pinto, Barlotto, red kidney, white kidney, red Mexican and cannelino, the seeds of which are often used to produce canned products such as baked beans. Stringless beans are often preferred for practical purposes and because they produce less fibrous material in the pod itself, resulting in a tastier flavor and a shorter cooking time.

Varieties

There are many varieties, especially of scarlet runner and snap or French beans, but buy whatever is offered locally. There are climbing and dwarf varieties of both scarlet runner and snap or French beans. The dwarf kinds are convenient for growing in containers or in situations where it is not convenient to provide supports, but climbing beans produce the heavier crops and they should be grown in preference to dwarfs where quantity is required.

Cultivation

Sow seed in spring in an ordinary garden soil to a depth of 2-5 cm (1-2 in). Some varieties require overnight soaking in water to expedite germination, which normally takes about two weeks, and climbing beans require a trellis or wire on which to climb. It is a good idea to create raised rows, with side furrows to catch the water. Space plants and rows at about 10-12 cm (4-5 in). Once the seedlings have emerged, shallow cultivation will assist in controlling weeds. Apply fertilizer and water well at this stage. Once the beans have cropped, pick continuously to prolong the life of the plant and to increase production.

Climate

Beans are frost-tender so grow as summer annuals.