Hardwood cuttings may split into two groups: broad-leaved evergreen cuttings, such as holly (Ilex) or rhododendrons and leafless deciduous cuttings. As the tissue from both types is firm and woody, they are easy to maintain in a healthy condition before propagating; however, they are often slow to root. Fully mature, hardwood (or ripewood) cuttings are normally taken from mid-autumn to early winter using ripe, vigorous shoots from the current season's growth.

Taking the Cutting

1. Take a cutting at the junction of this and last season's growth; this should be approximately 22 cm (9 in) long.
2. Trim the stem to approximately 15 cm (6 in) lengths by cutting just below buds or leaves at the base and just above them at the top. It is a good idea to make a straight cut at the base of the stem and an angled cut at the top - this way you will know which way up to plant the cutting.
3. Remove any remaining leaves from deciduous cuttings and trim evergreen leaves from the lower two-thirds of the stem. Cut any large leaves in half across.

Indoor Propagation

1. Dip the cutting into hormone rooting powder.
2. Fill a container with cuttings compost, make a hole using a dibber or pencil and insert the cutting.
3. Firm and water in gently.
4. Place the pots in a cold frame.
5. Water the cuttings regularly and keep them shaded in sunny weather.
6. Harden off before planting out.

Propagating Outdoors

1. Dig a slit trench 15 cm (6 in) wide and deep. This can be done by simply pushing a spade into the soil and pulling it to and fro. This trench is best made in a sheltered place, but not underneath trees or shrubs that drip.
2. Add a layer of compost mixed in with grit or sharp sand. This will assist drainage and stimulate rooting.
3. Push the cuttings into the trench 7 cm (3 in) apart and back fill the trench with soil so that the cuttings are held upright.
4. Firm the soil and water in well.
5. Re-firm the soil after heavy frosts and water during periods of drought.
6. The cuttings may only take a few months to root; however, it is best to leave them for at least a year before transplanting them in the following dormant season. This will give them the best chance to develop an extensive root system.